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Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a condition in which the intervertebral discs of the spine deteriorate or lose their cushioning ability over time. It is a common cause of back and neck pain, particularly in older adults, although it can begin as early as the 30s or 40s. As discs lose hydration and elasticity, they may shrink, leading to reduced disc height, bone spur formation, and potential nerve compression.
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