Cauda Equina Syndrome

Cauda equina syndrome is a rare condition, but it is one of the few "spinal emergencies" that necessitate surgery. This condition results from compression of the cauda equina—a bundle of spinal nerves at the lower end of the spinal cord. It typically occurs due to a large herniated disc, spinal stenosis, tumor, trauma, or infection. Symptoms may include severe lower back pain, sciatica, saddle anesthesia (numbness in the groin area), bladder or bowel dysfunction, and leg weakness. Immediate surgical decompression is needed to prevent permanent nerve damage and long-term disability or incontinence.